Lewis and Clark spelled her name several different ways throughout their journals, and historians have disagreed about whether the proper spelling is Sacajawea, Sakakawea, or Sacagawea; whether its pronounced with a soft g or a hard one; and which syllable gets the emphasis. The group built Fort Mandan, and elected to stay there for the winter. Death Year: 1812, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Kenel, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Sacagawea Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/history-culture/sacagawea, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: May 6, 2021, Original Published Date: April 3, 2014. It's an area she recognized from her childhood, and Clark had learned to listen to her advice, writing, The indian woman who has been of great Service to me as a pilot through this Country recommends a gap in the mountain more South which I shall cross., Just as important as her knowledge of the terrain, Sacagawea was also a skilled forager who could find and identify plants that were edible or medicinal. 1. All Rights Reserved. Because she recognized her homeland, she was able to better guide Lewis (middle) and Clark on their expedition. The expedition, instruments, books, gunpowder, medicines, and clothing. Toussaint Charbonneau, a French Canadian, who had been living withthe Hidatsas and Mandans since 1796 took an interest in Sacagawea. Sacagawea was born in 1788 near the Salmon River in what is now Idaho. Later, she was married off to a fur trader who was twice her age. Nelson, W. Dale. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! The Lemhi Shoshone belonged to the north band of Shoshones that lived along the Lemhi and Salmon Rivers banks. Even though her name is spelled with a hard g most people call her Sacajawea with a j. [Sacagawea], who has been of great service to me as a pilot through this country, recommends a gap in the mountain more south, which I shall cross. Covered in brass, the Sacagawea coin (aka the "golden dollar") was made to replace the Susan B. Anthony dollar. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. [Sacagawea] deserved a greater reward for her attention and services on that route than we had in our power to give her at the Mandans. Their winter home was at Mandan and Hidatsa lands on the November 1804 arrival of the Indians. The Lewis and Clark expedition traveled 5,000 miles (8,000 kilometers) in 16 months during this period. Idaho is now a state in which she was born around 1788. Sacagawea was born into the Lemhi Shoshone tribe in present-day Idaho. Historians believe Sacagawea was born in 1788 or 1789 to the Lemhi Shoshone tribe, whose traditional homeland was near the Salmon River in what is now Idaho. Her story was later written down by her granddaughter, Lucy McKissick, and preserved through oral traditions after Sakakaweas death in 1887. Historical documents suggest that Sacagawea died just two years later of an unknown sickness. Sacajawea was 14 when she was kiddnapped. The Hidasta Tribe. She was skilled at finding plants for food and medicine to help keep the explorers alive. She had traveled a long way with us to see the great waters, and that now that monstrous fish was also to be seen, she thought it very hard she could not be permitted to see either (she had never yet been to the ocean). She was born c. 1788 into the Agaidika ('Salmon Eater', aka Lemhi Shoshone) tribe near present-day Salmon, Lemhi County, Idaho.This is near the continental divide at the present-day Idaho-Montana border.. Sacagawea, which means bird woman in Hidatsa, translates as bird woman. Sacajawea could also refer to a boat launch in Shoshone. When he was hired as a guide for Lewis and Clarks expedition in 1804, Sacagawea also joined as an interpreter to talk to Native-American people on their 8,000-mile journey. As a result of her presence, she helped dispel preconceived notions about their plans to conquer Native American tribes. Three years later, she was bought by Toussaint Charbonneau, a French-Canadian trapper, and made his wife. She was present during the return trip east and remained with the expedition until they reached the Mandan villages. Members of the Hidatsa tribe kidnapped her around 1800 and took her to their homeland in North Dakotas Knife River Valley, where she is still located today. Sacagawea was taken as a slave to the Hidatsa's village near present-day Washburn, North Dakota. In 1812, she gave birth to a daughter named Lisette, who died in 1884. Native American Indians did not develop a written language; oral Indian tradition holds that Sacagawea died in 1884 and is buried in Wyoming. Jean Baptiste was nicknamed Pomp as was the tradition with the first born son of Shoshone mothers. She went on to serve as a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition with her husband in 1805. New York, D. McKay Co., 1967. However, despite allhercontributions, only Sacagaweas husband ever received payment for work on the expedition. According to some, the term Otter Woman was intended to refer to interpreter Toussaint Charbonneaus other wife. They made her a slave. Sacagawea was not compensated at all. Sakakawea eventually married and had a second child after Tetanoueta died a few years later. The location of her next stop is unknown, and little is known about her life afterward. In 1880, when Sacagawea was 12 years old, their tribe was attacked by a group of Hidatsa, a gun-wielding tribe, who kidnapped several girls including Sacagawea and held them captive. Most of what we know from her comes from the Lewis and Clark journals of the Corps of Discovery expedition. As the daughter of the chief o the Lemhi Shoshone, her birth would not have been. Lewis and Clark hired Charbonneau as a member oftheir expedition, the Corps of Discovery,whileSacagawea was expecting her first child. Soon after, they neededto determine where they wouldestablishtheir winter quarters. Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, with his wife, Marie Dorion, founded Fort Laramie in Wyoming in 1805. According to Clarks journals, the boat was carrying the expeditions papers, Instruments, books, medicine, a great proportion of our merchandize, and in short almost every article indispensibly necessary to their mission. [Sacagawea] was one of the female prisoners taken at that time; tho' I cannot discover that she shows any emotion of sorrow in recollecting this events, or of joy in being again restored to her native country; if she has enough to eat and a few trinkets to wear I believe she would be perfectly content anywhere. If you know anything at all about Sacagawea, you probably know that she was a guide on the Lewis and Clark Expedition (also known as the Corps of Discovery) to explore the Louisiana Purchase and Pacific Northwest, sagely leading her charges through unforgiving terrain with an almost mystical knowledge of the landscape. She wanted to see the natural wonder with her own eyes. Much of Sacagawea's life is a mystery. The Lewis and Clark Expedition, which visited the Pacific Northwest from St. Louis in 1804-06, is regarded as Sacagaweas greatest achievement. She had given birth to at least three children, the last one just a few months before her death. Despite the fact that we only have a year and a half of her life documented, and because there is so little written or known about American Indian women of her day, she has become a symbol to many Americans. In April of 1805 the expedition headed out. She would travel with them for two years, from October 1804 to August 1806, from North. Sacagawea was born sometime around 1790. went back to the Upper Missouri River area and worked for Manuel Lisa, a Missouri Fur Company trader. Scholars think she may have been born around 1788 in Lemhi County, Idaho among the Agaidikas or Salmon-Eater Shoshones of the Lemhi Shoshone tribe. Even her name is a topic that historians still argue about. Her presence was credited with helping to calm tensions between Native Americans and explorers. In this lesson, students will experience the tragedy of the commons through a team activity in which they compete for resources. Traveling with Clark,Sacagawea guided his group south of the Yellowstone River by recommending aroutethrough theRockyMountains (known today as Bozeman Pass). Reliable historical information about Sacagawea is very limited. Even though she was pregnant with her first child, Sacagawea was chosen to accompany them on their mission. ), the Shoshone (Snake) interpreter of the Lewis and Clark expedition." She demonstrated her leadership abilities by assisting the expedition members in crossing the wide, treacherous rivers and braving the dangerous buffalo herds. Around the age of 12, Sacagawea was captured by Hidatsa Indians, an enemy of the Shoshones. Sacagawea was born in approximately 1788, the daughter of a Shoshone Indian Chief, in Lemhi County, Idaho. Her horse management skills were particularly useful, as were her interpretive skills in interpreting complex Indian sign languages used by the expedition members. -Mandan villages where Charbonneau and Sacagawea were living. During a crisis on May 14,1805,Sacagawea showed bravery and clear thinkingthat earnedLewisand Clarks praise and gratitude. Most researchers have reached the far less romantic conclusion that Sacagawea died there of typhoid fever in 1812, likely buried in an unmarked grave, dead without a name at 25. For the return journey, the Corps divided into two groups,one led by Lewis and the other by Clark. She communicated with other tribes andinterpretedfor Lewis and Clark. Sacagawea stayed calm and rescuedinstruments, books, gunpowder, medicines, and clothingfrom the water. Since 2009 the design of the reverse of the coin has been changed every year. The following is the journal entry made by Lewis on February, 1805 about the birth of Jean Babtiste: about five Oclock this evening one of the wives of Charbono was delivered of a fine boy. A few years later, she was traded to or purchased by a . Ben Vaughn grew up in the Philadelphia area on the New Jersey side of the river. Sacagawea was kidnapped in 1800, which would have made her about 13 years old, by the Hidatsa tribe, and some sourses believe, was kept as a slave. Jan 17, 1803. Another theory is that her name means boat puller, which would make sense given her role in helping Lewis and Clark navigate the rivers during their expedition. Once Sacagawea left the expedition, the details of her life become more elusive. She was 16 years old, she was not originally Shoshone she was Hidatsa, she had been kidnapped when she was 12 and taken from the Hidatsa to the Shoshone, Where she now lived with her husband, Toussaint. Sacagawea, the daughter of a Shoshone chief, was captured by an enemy tribe and sold to a French Canadian trapper who made her his wife around age 12. sacajawea was a part of the shoshone tribe untill she was kidnapped and then later on sold to charbonneau. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Sacagawea, with 55 day old, Jean Babtiste in her arms, accompanied the expedition in a journey that would cover 5,000 . According to the theory, Clark received information from Luttig. American National Biography. 600 aoo In 1800, an enemy tribe kidnapped Sacagawea. She suggested that I follow the Rocky Mountains (now known as Bozeman Pass) to get there. February1. She traveled to Washington, D.C., in 1837 to meet with President James K. Polk and discuss the possibility of purchasing the territory now known as Idaho. When a boat she was riding on capsized, she was able to save some of its cargo, including important documents and supplies. Sacagawea proved to be a great help on the journey. She was alsoskilledat finding edible plants, which proved to be crucial to supplementing their rationsalong the journey. When Sacagawea was just eleven years old, the Hidatsa riding party . When Sacagawea joined the expedition, she was only about 16 years old and had a 2-month-old son. Please be respectful of copyright. The infant was just four months old when Charbonneau, Sacagawea and little Jean Baptiste joined expedition. Sacagaweawas an interpreterand guideforMeriwetherLewis and William Clarks expedition westward from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Coast. How Should Artists Fund Their Career in Music? Sacagawea is commemorated by two grave markers: one in Mobridge, South Dakota, and the other in Fort Washakie, Wyoming, on the Wind River Indian Reservation. She brought him along, carrying him in a cradleboard tied to her back. According to his service, Charbonneau received 320 acres of land valued at $500.33, while Sacagwea received no compensation. Sacagawea gets kidnapped When Sacagawea was 12 years old, Hidatsa warriors raided her tribe and captured many young people, including herself. L, is and Clark prepared for their journey back to St. Louis, but before they left, Pomp back to St. Louis with him. The Agaideka (Lemhi) Shoshone lived in the upper Salmon River Basin of Idaho, where Agnes Sakakawea was born. Sacagawea also made a miraculous discovery of her own during the trip west. Sacagawea gets sold Sacagawea gets sold to Toussaint Charbonneau. Fun Facts about Sacagawea 6: being kidnapped. Sacagawea traveled 5,000 miles (10,000 km) with her infant son. When she wasapproximately 12years old, Sacagawea was captured by an enemy tribe, the Hidatsa,and taken from her Lemhi Shoshone people to the Hidatsa villages near present-dayBismarck, North Dakota. As she beganinterpreting, she realized that the chief wasin facther brother. Sacagawea had given birth to a son that winter named Jean Baptiste. joy. Sacagaweas place and date of death are as contentious as the spelling of her name. About this time, or shortly thereafter, Sacagawea delivered a daughter, Lisette. Postal Service released a Sacagawea stamp in 1994; and the U.S. Mint issued Sacagawea golden dollar coins from 2000 to 2008. Toussaint Charbonneau, a trapper from Canada and AstorSIGNORE, a fur trader, led a party of eight men up the Salmon River, trading goods and services. It was believed that she was a Lemhi Shoshone who settled in Lemhi County. Fun Facts. The Lewis and Clark Expedition relied heavily on Sacagawea, who provided them with valuable information about the areas geography and wildlife. Here are nine facts about Sacagawea. The Lemhi Shoshone woman was born Agnes Sakakawea in the late 1790s in the Lemhi Shoshone village of Tse-Wah-Keen on the Salmon River in Idaho. [Sacagawea was the] only dependence for a friendly negotiation with the [Shoshoni] Indians. Sacagawea was a member of the Lewis and Clark expedition during the year 1804-06. She was promptly sold into slavery. 2000; AccessedJanuary7,2021. https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-2000891. The two groups reunited on August 12,1806. When a boat capsized on the Missouri River as they were crossing into what is now Montana, Sacagawea saved important books and much-needed supplies. Sacagawea helped the Corps communicate with the Shoshone, translating alongside her husband when the explorers first met them.

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