Acceptability: Such a report is acceptable to busy persons because it easily highlights the theme of the report. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. They may sometimes also include analytic work (comparing factors "" see below). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Namely, the institutional design of the state legislature matters in terms of electoral responsiveness, with Florida and New Mexico the most responsive, and New York and the U.S. House the least responsive to the election of Latino legislators. The tyranny of the majority: Fundamental fairness in representative democracy. They chant Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 and harmoniously sing patriotic songs such as The Star Spangled Banner while being utterly oblivious of Americas corrupt political system. London: Palgrave Macmillan. The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. The theory of the politics of presence (Phillips 1995) provides reasons for expecting a link between descriptive and substantive representation. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Nothing bores me faster than description.. Toggle navigation. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. representation in the U.S. House of Representatives Advantages of Proportional Representation The main advantage of PR is that it makes sure that all the views of the public are represented. In descriptive representation, representatives have similar backgrounds (gender, race, religion, etc.) (1993). This however has created an increase in of social anxiety among some people in American. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. For minorities, America is not the land of the free. Among them is Nancy Pelosi who became the Speaker of the House in the Eleventh Congress and James Clyburn, an African-American who served as Majority Whip. Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research Varied. These are issues that have left minorities feeling as though they are belittled and not treated as fairly as the majority in our society. Sound bar - Pros and Cons. I was taught to never judge someone by how they look but upon their actions. Such comparative analysis helps for quick understanding and attention. In the face of the modern impatience with pages (or even paragraphs) of descriptive narrative, its easy for writers to overreact and decide to avoid description altogether. 3. Democracy and the new separation of powers. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. Easy to set up, doesn't require extra space. (2005b). Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. Growing up, racial profiling was never a big deal to me or my family. In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. Krizsan, A., Skjeie, H., & Squires, J. As graphical representations are exhibited through numerical figures, tables, or graphs, it usually involves fewer errors and mistakes. Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. (eds) Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation. Welfare state and woman power: Essays in state feminism. 1992 also saw the rise of an increased participation of women in Congress, particularly Democratic women, and this number has increased steadily over the years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The institutional basis of democratic accountability. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 2. The expansion of minority and female representation still continues at a slow pace. While (1999). Equal outcomes on an individual level would have implied that each and every individual got the same bundle of goods and burdens in question. Pros. New York: Verso. Descriptive representation allows for adequate communication in contexts of mistrust What is the relate-ability benefit of Descriptive Representation People will be more likely to communicate more with someone with whom they share a racial identity. Cons are arguments against it. ), Deliberative systems: Deliberative democracy at the large scale. Although the federal government of the United States is said to strive to construct a homogeneous nation when it comes to equal rights and opportunities for its citizens in different states and cities, there have been numerous historical occurrences that demonstrate opposing aims. Institutionalizing intersectionality. Pennock, J. R. (1979). Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Because it relies on such a range of different methods, it is considered a holistic approach to a subject. This research could include the information on the raw numbers of people who buy the product, the demographics of the end user and the focus groups that ask for consumer feedback on the product. In todays world, these injustices still remain an issue and arguably have become worst. Pros. However, its not unheard of for it to happen when two buyers are using the same agent. Acta Politica, 4, 389403. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Source publication Pros, Cons, and Changing Behavior: An. Tests: The Cognitive Impact of Descriptive Representation. 3. suggest descriptive representation leads to substantive representation in Congress. It doesn't answer the question "why", which makes it limited and won't come up with the cause and effect of a research topic. This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. Professionals often use descriptive statistics to communicate simple trends within a data set. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Yet, demographically speaking, Congress as a whole is still a long way from where the country is and remains largely white, male, and wealthy. This forces the government to dissolve the coalition. Visualize the benefits and drawbacks of the solution. Racial and ethnic minorities accounted for 90 percent of the population growth in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the United States is rapidly becoming even more diverse. An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the "what is" of a topic. so that you can track your progress. Racial profiling and stereotyping are just two forms in which minorities have been facing for years. As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. They delineate achievement and motivate students to study hard and perform well. systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). People of color are also serving as mayors across the country, including in major cities like D.C., Chicago, Baltimore, and Atlanta. The Pros and Cons of Writing Description. Nimantran Patra In Marathi For Birthday, The 114th Congress, which began in January 2015, had a historically large percentage of racial and ethnic minorities. Swift, A. ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. Descriptive representation occurs when elected politicians are typical of the larger class of persons that they represent, such that blacks represent blacks, disabled people represent disabled people and so on. Political liberalism. They also have some other benefits over traditional headphones. Grofman, B. The NWPC was formed by Bella Abzug, Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and other leading feminists to encourage womens participation in political parties, elect women to office, and raise money for their campaigns. Representative democracy is a form of government in which the people elect officials to create laws and policy on their behalf. Letters can be written to their representatives. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. Currently, forty-six African Americans serve in Congress. In K. Ross (Ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Though as they showed that areas with high crime rates were high regardless of ethnic group. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. Defending equality of outcome. Shaw and McKay created common complication hypothesis to explain variety crosswise over neighborhoods. While this is an enormous step, indicative of progression, corrupt politicians many times can use such incentives to implement manipulative and unscrupulous tactics to gain support from minority groups. This photo shows the founding members of the Congressional Black Caucus, which at the time of its founding in 1971 had only thirteen members. Though the theory was that crime was around certain citys and remained stable within certain areas despite changes in the populations where certain people lived in the community. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. The results apply to various other topics and departments, too. A political-philosophical exchange. Waterfall model is the very first model that is used in SDLC. Because it is so varied in method and usage, researchers favor its use in many different fields including marketing, medical health, science and psychology. 3. The first disadvantage is that descriptive research requires more skills. Politics & Gender, 1(4), 622637. Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. However, they no longer go gentle into that goodnight. It is also known as the linear sequential model. Nevertheless in a country where nearly 50% of Americans under 18 are minorities, the future looks quite hopeful for real change. Christiano, T. (2012). 518). https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H., & Smith, M. (2009). Ideally, governmental policies aim to defend citizens of a specific territory by setting laws that promote and implement egalitarianism. While this observation highlights why it is impossible to include every subgroup all the time, it should not distract from the need of including ethnic and regional minorities in processes of decision-making, and certainly not be seen as a licence to exclude large groups of society. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. 2. NORA Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 8(2), 6377. The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. The 116th Congress has been the most racially and ethnically diverse in U.S. history, with 56 Black members, 43 Hispanic members, 17 Asian members, and four Native American members. On the negative side, descriptive research can sometimes be skewed to fit the needs of the researcher. 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. Register or login to make commenting easier. Like Mink, many other women sought and won political office, many with the help of the NWPC. Teigen, M. (2000). One example of this is the district context hypothesis that states that individuals in districts. 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. ), Representation and redistricting issues. The innocent are no longer afraid to pursue their first amendment and to remind others that we are all created equal. The closer assessment of pros and cons will. Pearl Necklace for Women, 18K Gold Staion Neckalce Tin Cup Pearl Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Representing consumer institutions: The case of American health planning. Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in. Pros are listed as arguments in favor of making a particular decision or action. Represent Women?A Contingent "Yes" Jane Mansbridge Harvard University Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation in at least four contexts. Proportional representation is a complicated form of election. Typically, multiple representation involves the buyer and seller. Qualitative Research Pros & Cons . - Volume 55 Issue 2. It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. 7. Pros of Representative Democracy. Summarize a large amount of data in a visual, easily interpretable form Make trends easier to highlight than tables do it helps in studying patterns over long period of time it is used to compare data sets. New York: Oxford University Press. 2. View the institutional accounts that are providing access. Lovenduski, J. The epistemic conception of deliberative democracy defended. Secondly, response rate is low in this research. Barry, B. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. New York: Oxford University Press. ), Redistribution or recognition? Bacchi, C. (1999). Democratic legitimacy. 1. Reliance on analytical thinki ng. You might also like. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. Pros and Cons of different Prescriptive Analytics technologies | by AlainChabrier | IBM Data Science in Practice | Medium Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our. Apart from it, if you've collected data on multiple variables, you can use the Bivariate or Multivariate descriptive statistics to study . Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Return to Figure. An example of descriptive statistics would be finding a pattern that comes from the data you've taken. Various reforms such as the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Acts were implemented during the civil rights era as they helped promote greater inclusion and equity to, but not limited to, African Americans and Mexican-Americans. A major reason is that until well into the twentieth century, white men of European background constituted an overwhelming majority of the voting population. Justice and the politics of difference. A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic.

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